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NDB研究の限界と対応策
更新日:2024年1月15日
文献レビューより抽出した「NDB研究の限界と対応策」について、一覧表にまとめました。
限界1)交絡因子、転帰、その他の臨床項目に関する情報の欠如
限界2)NDB に含まれない患者情報に関する限界
限界3)データの誤分類
限界4)ユニークな個人ID・加入者台帳の欠如
限界5)その他
参照文献
(JMA Journal Vol. 7, No. 1, 2024 (2024年1月15日号)より引用・改変)
限界1)交絡因子、転帰、その他の臨床項目に関する情報の欠如 |
|
限界1)への対応策 |
・抗MRSA抗生物質に関する情報をもとにMRSA SSI症例を特定する[1] ・骨折の診断日の代替として入院日を用いる[2] ・抗インフルエンザ薬の処方によってインフルエンザを定義する[3]
・低血糖の診断コードと50%ブドウ糖の静脈注射により重症低血糖を定義[4] ・退院日の算出に、診療実日数と入院日、あるいは最後の治療を行なった日を用いる[5] ・骨折での初診日を傷病名と処置のレセプトデータを用いて定義[6] ・関連する情報を組み合わせて「死亡」を定義[7]
・入院前180日間の精神科入院の有無で精神科入院の既往歴を定義する[8]
・DID analyses[9] ・Self-controlled case series study design[10] ・Case–crossover design[11] ・IV analysis[12] ・分析対象とする医療機関や患者を限定する[13] ・院内発症症例を定義する際に入院後の経過日数を変えて感度分析を行う[14] |
限界2)NDB に含まれない患者情報に関する限界 |
|
限界2)への対応策 |
・生活保護世帯の割合[15, 16] |
限界3)データの誤分類 |
・臨床上の診断名ではなく、診療報酬請求を目的とした病名があり得る ・点数に反映されない病名が記録されないことがある ・包括支払制度(DPC)で検査や処方が過小報告されている可能性がある ・完治した病名が残っていることがある
・薬剤のアドヒアランス ・実際の薬剤の使用量が1/2瓶の場合でも1瓶で請求される ・受診や処方がない患者を正確に把握できない
|
限界3)への対応策 |
・専門家が定義を検討[11, 17] ・2名の医師が独立して判断[2, 18] ・ガイドラインを参照[19] ・複数のコードを組み合わせる[6, 20-22]
・安易につけない病名[15, 17, 28] ・PCI 後の再狭窄は通常治療後6か月以内に起こる[29]
・病名のバリデーション研究があるためDPCのみ使用する[30, 31] ・包括支払で記録されないコードがあるためDPCデータを除外する(医療の質研究など)[32, 33]
・疑い病名は除外する[34, 35] ・全対象者とサブグループの属性を比較して代表性を確認[36] |
限界4)ユニークな個人ID・加入者台帳の欠如 |
|
・別の個人を同一人物にしてしまう可能性 ・同じ人をダブルカウントしてしまう可能性 ・保険者と姓が同時に変わると追えない
・患者が毎月受診しなければ、被保険者の数を把握できない ・このことは対象集団の母数を設定するときに問題となる
|
|
限界4)への対応策 |
|
・ID1かID2のどちらかが一致する場合同一人物とみなす[5]
・仕事が変わる割合を推計しディフェンス(結果への影響が少ない可能性を提示)[15, 17] ・対象者の人数を政府統計と比較する[28] |
限界5)その他 |
・DPCと出来高の重複がある
・請求コードの改訂 ・点数の改訂
・1つのICD10コードに対して複数の診療情報請求コードがある
・NDBデータへのアクセス ・研究目的に対して必要最小限のデータしか提供されない ・10未満の症例に関しては公表できない ・バリデーション研究の実施が難しい ・医療機関コードの変更がある |
限界5)への対応策 |
・医科レセプトの最終診療日とDPC入院日の連続性を確認し一連の入院エピソードを特定する[5] |
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掲載日:2024年1月15日